Sterilization And Disinfection

Sterilization and disinfection are critical processes used to eliminate or reduce the number of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, to safe levels. Sterilization refers to the complete destruction or elimination of all forms of microbial life, including highly resistant spores, through methods such as autoclaving, incineration, and chemical sterilants like ethylene oxide. Disinfection, on the other hand, is the process of killing or inactivating pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces or in liquids, using agents like alcohol, chlorine, or hydrogen peroxide. Both processes are essential in healthcare settings, food safety, and public health to prevent the spread of infections and maintain hygiene. They are also vital in laboratory and industrial applications to ensure a sterile environment for sensitive operations.